A large diameter cold wall refractory lined joint was shipped to a major gulf coast refinery. The design conditions were 1344 F at 75 psig with 5.0 inches of compression and 1.0 inch of extension. The joint was refractory lined with 4.0 inches of castable refractory. This style of design is unique because all the pressure thrust forces sum to zero in the joint using a larger balancing bellows so no main anchors are needed.

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